The US Military's Role in European Eastern Flank

By Paulius Razukevicius. Originally published on 9 October 2024 by Our National Conversation on its website.

The United States military’s presence on NATO’s Eastern Flank is the linchpin of European security, deterring Russian aggression and safeguarding the future of the transatlantic alliance. Removing or even reducing this presence would risk destabilizing a region that cannot afford to stand alone. 

Strength in Numbers and Fire Power

Currently, around 100,000 U.S. service members are stationed across Europe, with 20,000 surging to Eastern Europe following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Though not directly engaged in combat, U.S. forces play a crucial role in stabilizing the region and supporting Eastern European allies.

The U.S. response involved repositioning forces across Europe, making key assets ready for deployment in case of an attack. This includes preparing attack aviation in Germany for Lithuania, infantry from Italy for Latvia, and Stryker Brigade elements for Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary. Additionally, Patriot missile systems were stationed in Germany, ready to be deployed to Slovakia, further strengthening regional defenses.

Since early 2022, U.S. forces have been reinforced with additional air, land, maritime, cyber and space capabilities. This includes the extension of a Carrier Strike Group, deployment of fighter squadrons and positioning of HIMARS battalions and Armored Brigade Combat Teams. These strategic moves ensure a persistent and ready U.S. military presence in Eastern Europe. 

Strategic Importance

Eastern Europe is the frontline of freedom. Its countries stand as the first barrier between the forces of democracy and the looming threat of Russian authoritarianism. The U.S. military presence in these nations is not just a show of solidarity – it’s a lifeline, ensuring that these democracies do not stand alone in the face of aggression. 

History is a powerful teacher. During the Cold War, it was the U.S. military support that kept the Soviet threat at bay while it protected Europe from being consumed by the Iron Curtain - the Soviet's attempt at sealing itself off. American forces stationed across Europe deterred Soviet expansion and solidified alliances that remain critical today. This long-standing commitment laid the groundwork for the security framework that continues to safeguard Europe.

Without American forces providing critical support, Eastern Europe would be left vulnerable, isolated and exposed to the kind of incursions we have already seen in Ukraine. This region’s stability is vital, not only for Europe’s peace but for global security. To suggest otherwise is to turn a blind eye to the lessons history has taught us.

The Role of Deterrence

There’s a reason why Russia has stopped short of expanding its aggression beyond Ukraine – it knows what’s waiting on the other side. The U.S. military presence in Eastern Europe serves as an unmistakable message: any move against these nations will be met with force. It’s not about provoking conflict; it’s about preventing it. By maintaining a strong military presence, the U.S. ensures that Russia’s ambitions are kept in check. Pulling back now, as some suggest, would be the equivalent of opening the door  for adversaries to exploit vulnerabilities. 

America Should Not Stand Alone

The U.S. cannot be the sole guardian of Eastern Europe’s security. While its military presence is crucial, Europe must step up and invest more in its own defense. Relying solely on the U.S. risks creating a dangerous dependency, weakening Europe’s ability to stand on its own when threats arise. 

Some may argue that America’s leadership makes it natural to take the lead, but this overlooks the strength of a true partnership. It’s all about the shared responsibility. A united front, with Europe playing a more active role, will better deter Russia and reinforce the idea that democracies can protect themselves. Europe must take ownership of its own security, or risk being seen as merely a passive beneficiary of American military might. Now is the time for Europe to show the world that it stands ready to defend its borders, shoulder to shoulder with the United States.